• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a cylinder head (1) of an internal combustion engine - in particular a gas engine - with at least one spark plug (8) with at least one ground electrode (10) for forming an ignition spark (11) and an antechamber component (2) which accommodates the spark plug (8) a prechamber (5) forms into which a fuel channel (12) which is arranged in the prechamber component (2) leads. The object of the present invention is to improve the ignition. This object is achieved by the above cylinder head in that a flow axis (S) of the fuel channel (12) at the outlet (13) is oriented in the direction of the ground electrode (10), so that essentially the entire fuel flow (B) to the ground electrode ( 10) flows.
    公开号:AT522053A1
    申请号:T50690/2019
    申请日:2019-07-30
    公开日:2020-08-15
    发明作者:Puschnik Andreas；Dipl Ing Knollmayr Christof；Andreas Zurk Ing；Martin Klampfer Ing
    申请人:Avl List Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine - in particular a gas engine - with at least one spark plug with at least one ground electrode for forming an ignition spark and a prechamber component which accommodates the spark plug and forms a prechamber in the one
    Leads fuel channel, which is arranged in the antechamber component.
    The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing such a device
    Cylinder head and an internal combustion engine with the cylinder head.
    The internal combustion engine and thereby the cylinder head are usually liquid-cooled.
    Spark plugs with prechambers are known, for example, from EP 2 894 313 A1 for gas-Otto engines. A fuel valve is provided in a sleeve around the spark plug. There is a hole in the sleeve that extends from the fuel valve to the antechamber. This hole is inclined to the axis of the spark plug. In this spark plug, a guide element is provided between the spark plug and fuel valve and the prechamber for better mixing. A combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine is in flow connection with the prechamber via transfer openings. In this special arrangement, a riser is provided between the antechamber and the transfer opening. The disadvantage of this arrangement is that, on the one hand, an additional guide element must be provided to ensure thorough mixing. Furthermore, the division of the fuel flow leads to undesirable effects
    Flow conditions.
    The flow is more difficult to predict because the fuel is divided by the guide element. As a result, ignitable mixtures can accordingly arise when the ignition spark occurs at a distance from the ground electrode and thus lead to delayed ignition, knocking, uneven combustion and the like. This effect is due to
    Signs of wear and tear intensified.
    The object of the present invention is to improve the ignition.
    This object is achieved by the above cylinder head in that a flow axis of the fuel channel at the outlet of the fuel channel is oriented in the direction of the ground electrode, so that essentially the entire
    Fuel stream flows to the ground electrode.
    The flow axis is understood here to mean that line which connects the center points of the diameters of the fuel channel with one another. Ignoring any unexpected flow effects through the fuel valve or the flow downstream of the fuel channel, the direction of the flow axis corresponds approximately to the flow direction of the undisturbed flow in the
    Center of the flow channel.
    In view of the general endeavor in the automotive industry to reduce component sizes, it is advantageous if a flow axis of the fuel channel is curved in at least one direction. This curvature can reduce the inclination of the fuel valve relative to the prechamber axis,
    without disruptive flow effects to be expected.
    By reducing the inclination, the radial overall size around the axis of the prechamber can be reduced. Weight can be minimized by reducing the size, which in turn leads to a reduction in fuel consumption, which in turn is advantageous in terms of environmental protection. Questions about packaging in vehicles are simplified by the reduced size. Furthermore, the curvature can generate a tumble or a twist that is positive
    can act on the mixing in the antechamber.
    The targeted flow against the ground electrode makes it possible to quickly transport the ignitable mixture close to the ignition spark. This leads to a faster and more controllable ignition in the antechamber. The combustion becomes more even and the tendency to knock in the antechamber becomes
    reduced.
    This object is also achieved by an internal combustion engine with a cylinder head according to the invention and by a method according to the invention for manufacturing a cylinder head according to the invention.
    It is advantageous if an axis of rotation of the spark plug and the flow axis of the fuel channel lie essentially in one plane and that the flow axis is essentially curved in this plane. A tumble can thereby be achieved. If the fuel channel has a curvature in only one plane, this is useful in production, since this is accordingly
    simplified.
    In the context of this invention, the expression “essentially” means dimensions and shapes of the object in question, which differ from the exact shape or by a small proportion, for example within the scope of a manufacturing tolerance
    deviate from the exact dimension, as an exact realization is not possible.
    Particularly favorable flow conditions arise when the curvature of the fuel channel encloses an angle between 80 ° and 160 °. This also has advantages for the arrangement of the fuel valve. This allows the
    Installation space can be further reduced.
    In an advantageous embodiment it is provided that the flow axis in the area of the outlet is arranged essentially normal to an axis of the antechamber, so that the flow of the ignition spark is essentially normal to the axis of the antechamber. This is favorable for certain installation spaces.
    In an alternative embodiment, however, for other spatial conditions or installation spaces, provision is made for the flow axis in the area of the outlet to be inclined essentially at an angle to a normal plane through the axis of the antechamber, so that the flow of the ignition spark through essentially at an angle to the normal plane the axis of the antechamber
    is inclined, the angle being between 0 and 30 °.
    In order to shorten the distances between the ground electrode and the fuel channel, it is advantageous if the outlet of the fuel channel is arranged with the flow axis at the level of the ground electrode along the axis of the antechamber.
    It is favorable if the prechamber component has a prechamber shell to form the prechamber and a sleeve around the spark plug, the prechamber shell and the sleeve each being formed in one piece and / or connected to one another
    are. This means that if there are problems with the ignition, the prechamber component can simply
    can be removed from the cylinder head, which makes repairs and replacements easier and cheaper. If the antechamber casing and the sleeve are connected to one another, this can be achieved, for example, by a screw connection with a seal. It can therefore be provided that the sleeve is formed in one piece and the antechamber casing is formed in one piece and then connected to one another. However, it can also be that the sleeve and the
    Antechamber sleeve are formed integrally together.
    In a special embodiment it is provided that a fuel valve is arranged in the prechamber component. This can successfully prevent leaks
    become.
    In order to achieve a favorable flow in the fuel channel, it is provided in a favorable embodiment that the flow axis of the fuel channel in a region of the fuel channel which adjoins the fuel valve essentially corresponds to the axis of rotation of the fuel valve. Turbulence after the fuel valve can thus be avoided. However, it can also be provided that the axis of rotation of the fuel valve is not coaxial with the axis of the fuel channel 12, but that an angle of approximately 0 ° to approximately 0 ° is provided between the two axes.
    It is advantageous if the fuel valve is arranged inclined with respect to the axis of the antechamber, this inclination preferably corresponding to an angle between 10 ° and +35 °. By reducing the inclination mentioned above, in an extreme case, an inclination of 0 °, that is to say no inclination, can be provided. That would lead to maximum space savings. However, it is the flow in the first region of the fuel channel, which is adjacent to the fuel valve, a kink or a deflection required so that the
    Flow could be negatively affected.
    For reasons of installation space, it can be advantageous if the axis of rotation of the spark plug is offset from the axis of the prechamber, the offset being between zero
    up to 15% of the largest antechamber diameter.
    This effect is further increased if the offset lies in the plane and the ground electrode is arranged facing away from the fuel channel due to the offset in relation to the axis of the antechamber.
    In order to gain maximum flexibility with regard to the arrangement of the components, it is provided that an axis of rotation of the spark plug is at an angle to the axis of the
    Has antechamber which is between 0 ° and 30 °.
    With regard to the tightness and robustness of the invention, it is advantageous if the fuel channel is formed by a tubular recess along the flow axis within the prechamber component, so that the recess of the fuel channel radially around the flow axis of material of the
    Pre-chamber component is surrounded.
    To facilitate production, a favorable variant of the method provides for the spark plug thread to be cut in the prechamber component in such a way that a ground electrode is arranged in a defined position relative to the fuel channel after the screwing-in process. In principle, it is favorable if the cylinder head, in particular the prechamber and / or the spark plug, is at least partially manufactured using 3D printing. In particular, the cylinder head is manufactured at least partially by the additive manufacturing process of laser melting.
    The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to non-restrictive exemplary embodiments in the figures. Show it:
    Fig. 1 shows a detail of a cylinder head according to the invention in section in a first
    Execution;
    Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of the detail in Fig. 1;
    FIG. 2 shows an alternative enlarged view from FIG. 1;
    4 shows a detail of a cylinder head according to the invention in section in a second
    Execution; and
    5 shows a prechamber component with a spark plug and a fuel valve of a cylinder head according to the invention in the first embodiment and the schematic indication of a third embodiment.
    Fig. 1 shows a detail of a liquid-cooled cylinder head 1 in a first embodiment. The cylinder head 1 is part of an internal combustion engine which is operated as a gas-Otto engine. The detail shows a prechamber component 2 in more detail. In the embodiment shown, the prechamber component 2 has a sleeve 3 and an antechamber casing 4 connected to the sleeve 3. The prechamber casing 4 has an external thread and the sleeve 3 has an internal thread. The antechamber casing 4 is screwed to the sleeve 3. Between
    A seal is provided in the antechamber casing 4 and sleeve 3.
    The antechamber shell 4 encloses a large part of an antechamber 5, which are flow-connected to a combustion chamber 7 via overflow openings 6. The combustion chamber 7 adjoins the cylinder head 1, inter alia, with the prechamber component 2 and is essentially in the direction of the prechamber
    5 completed.
    A spark plug 8 and a gas valve 9 are arranged inside the sleeve 3. The spark plug 8 extends with a ground electrode 10 into the prechamber 5. An area in which ignition sparks are formed by the spark plug 8 is indicated by reference numeral 11
    Mistake.
    In the first embodiment, the spark plug 8 is aligned with its axis of rotation D parallel to an axis A of the prechamber 5. In the first embodiment shown, the axis of rotation D and the axis A are offset. This axis of rotation D and the axis A are identical in an alternative embodiment.
    The fuel valve 9 is arranged along an axis V, which corresponds to the axis of rotation of the fuel valve 9. This axis is inclined to the V
    Axis A of the antechamber aligned.
    According to the invention, the fuel valve 9 is connected to the antechamber 5 via a fuel channel 12. The fuel channel 12 runs along a flow axis S. This corresponds in its direction to the flow vector
    the undisturbed flow in the interior of the fuel channel 12.
    The fuel channel 12 has an outlet 13 into the antechamber 5. The fuel channel 12 is at least at the outlet 13 in the direction of the ignition spark 11
    7720
    and the ground electrode 10 oriented. The fuel therefore flows in the direction of the
    Ignition spark 11, as is to be signaled by arrow B.
    The fuel valve 9 is at a distance a from the prechamber 5. This distance a is the distance from the point of delivery of fuel from the fuel valve 9 into the fuel channel 12, the inlet of the fuel channel from
    the outlet 13 of the fuel channel 12 into the antechamber 5.
    The largest prechamber diameter g can be found at the transition to the spark plug 8 in the embodiments shown. The largest prechamber diameter g in these designs is slightly larger than the diameter of the spark plug 8. In
    alternative designs, these diameters can be the same.
    In Fig. 2 this arrangement is shown slightly enlarged. It can be seen from this that the axis of rotation D and the axis A of the prechamber 5 have an offset x to one another. The spark plug 8 is further away from the fuel valve 9 due to the offset x. In the embodiment shown, the axis V of the fuel valve 9 and the axis of rotation D of the spark plug 8 lie in a plane which also forms the sectional plane for the section in FIGS. Hence the picture plane
    marked with the reference symbol for level £.
    The fuel channel 12 has a bend 12a between an inlet with which the fuel channel 12 adjoins the gas valve 9 and the outlet 13. The flow axis S is curved in the plane £ g. In alternative embodiments, more complex shapes for the fuel channel 12 are also possible.
    In order to ensure clarity, not all components have been labeled in FIG. 2. The missing reference symbols can be found in FIG. 1.
    FIG. 3 shows a detail from FIG. 1 and FIG. 2. The spark plug 8 with the ground electrode 10 and the ignition spark 11 can be clearly seen.
    Gas is released into the fuel channel 12 through the fuel valve 9. The fuel channel 12 deflects the fuel flow B essentially along the flow axis S and at the outlet 13 the flow B is on the
    Ground electrode 10 directed. The ignition spark 11 arises between
    Ground electrode 10 and the main part of the spark plug 8. Through the flow B in
    Direction of the ignition spark B, the gas, the fuel is ignited immediately.
    The outlet 13 of the fuel channel 12 is arranged with the flow axis S at the level of the ignition spark 11 and the flow B of the fuel is approximately along an unmarked normal plane of the axis A of
    Prechamber 5 delivered in the direction of the ignition spark 11.
    The curvature 12a deflects the flow axis S by an angle 5.
    FIG. 4 shows a detail analogous to FIG. 3 of a second embodiment of the cylinder head 1 according to the invention. In the following, only the differences from the first embodiment are explained. The same reference symbols are used
    Components with the same functions.
    In contrast to the first embodiment, in the second embodiment the outlet 13 is not arranged at the same height along the axis A of the antechamber 5. The flow axis S is at the outlet 13 in comparison to the first embodiment
    assigned closer to the spark plug 8.
    The flow axis S is inclined by an angle β in the region of the outlet 8. The flow of the fuel B is also inclined by the angle β and directed at the ignition spark 11.
    FIG. 5 shows an alternative axis of rotation d of the spark plug 8 for a third embodiment. This axis of rotation d is inclined to the axis A of the antechamber
    a on.
    In addition, an angle y is drawn in this figure, which the axis V of the fuel valve 9 has to a straight line which is parallel to the axis A of the antechamber. The fuel valve 9 is at the angle v with respect to this
    Straight inclined.
    The cylinder head 1 is liquid-cooled. From FIGS. 1 and 2, cooling spaces can be seen which adjoin the antechamber component 2. As a result, the spark plug 8, the prechamber component 2 and the surroundings of these components of the cylinder head
    2 protected from thermal damage and heat can be removed.
    权利要求:
    Claims (1)
    [1]
    PATENT CLAIMS
    Cylinder head (1) of an internal combustion engine - in particular a gas engine with at least one spark plug (8) with at least one ground electrode (10) for forming an ignition spark (11) and a prechamber component (2) which accommodates the spark plug (8) and which has a prechamber (5) forms into which a fuel channel (12) which is arranged in the prechamber component (2) leads, characterized in that a flow axis (S) of the fuel channel (12) is oriented at the outlet (13) in the direction of the ground electrode (10), so that essentially all of the fuel flow (B) to the
    Ground electrode (10) flows.
    Cylinder head (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that a flow axis (S) of the fuel channel (12) in at least one direction
    is curved.
    Cylinder head (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that an axis of rotation (D) of the spark plug (8) and the flow axis (S) of the fuel channel (12) lie essentially in one plane (eg) and that the
    The flow axis (S) is essentially curved in this plane (eg).
    Cylinder head (1) according to Claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the curvature (12a) of the fuel channel (12) encloses an angle (5) between 80 ° and 160 °.
    Cylinder head (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the flow axis (S) in the area of the outlet (13) is arranged essentially normal to an axis (A) of the prechamber (5), so that the flow of the Ignition spark (10) is essentially normal to the axis (A) of the prechamber (5).
    Cylinder head (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the flow axis (S) in the area of the outlet (13) is essentially at an angle (β) with respect to a normal plane through the axis (A) of the antechamber (5) is inclined so that the flow of the ignition spark (11) substantially at an angle (β) with respect to the normal plane through the
    11.
    12.
    13.
    10
    Axis (A) of the antechamber is inclined, the angle (ß) being between 0 ° and 30 °.
    Cylinder head (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the outlet (13) of the fuel channel (12) with the flow axis (S) at the level of the ground electrode (10) along the axis (A) of the prechamber
    (5) is arranged.
    Cylinder head (1) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the prechamber component (2) has a prechamber shell (4) to form the prechamber (5) and a sleeve (3) around the spark plug (8), the prechamber shell (4) and the sleeve (3) each in one piece
    are formed and / or are connected to one another.
    Cylinder head (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that a fuel valve (9) is arranged in the prechamber component (2).
    Cylinder head (1) according to claim 9, characterized in that the flow axis (S) of the fuel channel (12) essentially corresponds to the axis of rotation (V) of the fuel valve in a region of the fuel channel (12) adjoining the fuel valve (9).
    Cylinder head (1) according to one of claims 9 or 10, characterized in that the fuel valve (9) is inclined with respect to a straight line which is parallel to the axis (A) of the prechamber, this inclination preferably at an angle (y) between -10 ° and + 35 °.
    Cylinder head (1) according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the axis of rotation (D) of the spark plug (8) has an offset (x) to the axis (A) of the prechamber (5), the offset (x) between 0 and 15% of the largest antechamber diameter (g).
    Cylinder head (1) according to claim 3 and 12, characterized in that the
    Offset (x) in the plane (g) and the ground electrode (10) through the
    Offset (x) with respect to the axis (A) of the antechamber (5) from the
    Fuel channel (12) is arranged facing away.
    14. Cylinder head (1) according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that an axis of rotation (D) of the spark plug (8) has an angle (a) to the axis (A) of the prechamber (5) which is between 0 ° and 30 ° is.
    15. Cylinder head (1) according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the fuel channel (12) is formed by a tubular recess along the flow axis (S) within the prechamber component (2), so that the recess of the fuel channel (12) is surrounded radially around the flow axis (S) by material of the prechamber component (2).
    16. Internal combustion engine with a cylinder head (1) according to one of claims 1 to 15.
    17. The method for manufacturing a cylinder head (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the cylinder head (1) at least partially
    is made by 3D printing.
    18. The method according to claim 17, characterized in that the cutting of the plug thread for the spark plug (8) in the prechamber component (2) is carried out in such a way that a ground electrode (10) after the screwing-in process in a defined position relative to the fuel channel (12)
    is arranged.
    07/30/2019 WR
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    CN113330208A|2021-08-31|
    DE112020000478A5|2021-11-18|
    AT522053B1|2020-10-15|
    DE112020000476A5|2021-10-07|
    AT522050B1|2020-09-15|
    WO2020150758A1|2020-07-30|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ATA50044/2019A|AT522050B1|2019-01-22|2019-01-22|LIQUID-COOLED COMBUSTION MACHINE|DE112020000478.3T| DE112020000478A5|2019-01-22|2020-01-22|Cylinder head of an internal combustion engine|
    CN202080010205.1A| CN113330208A|2019-01-22|2020-01-22|Cylinder head of internal combustion engine|
    PCT/AT2020/060016| WO2020150759A1|2019-01-22|2020-01-22|Cylinder head of an internal combustion engine|
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